A Irvine Horse Racing Form | Uttoxeter 15:43 20th November 2022

A Irvine' Form | 20th November 2022

20th November 2022 QuinnBet Novices' Handicap Hurdle

Total Horses Trained Last 14 Days Race Type Wins Races Win %
37 0 wins from 11 runs
0%
Flat AW 0 2
0%
Flat Turf 0 3
0%
NH Flat 0 8
0%
Hurdle Turf 11 116
9.48%
Chase Turf 2 65
3.08%
Race Type
Hurdle Turf
Class
5
Classifications
Handicap, Hurdle, Novice
Ground
Soft
Distance
2m 3f 207y
Runners
10
Prize Money
£9,300
Is A Irvine Improving?
Does A Irvine Suit This Race
Horse Strength

43.6%

Session: 6817

Going % good races

13.11%

44 of 61

Distance % good races

12.11%

8 of 61

Class % good races

43.6%

18 of 179

Race Type % good races

60.5%

18 of 179

Course % good races

60.5%

18 of 179

Most Profitable Bet Type
Previous Results Summary
Date Horse
Jockey
Course/Class/Distance/Type/Prize
Classifications
Weight
Headgear
Going Finish Pos./No. Of Runners - Dist. Won/Beaten/Finish Time
In Running Comments
SP BF Odds
Plc Odds
OR
0 2022-11-19 15:50 Privatearing
James Best
Ascot / 4 / 1m 7f 152y / NH Flat / 5K 11-2
Hood
Good8/8 -btn 24.3 Thames Water 11-2

held up, pushed along 5f out, weakened 3f out

81 203.94
17
1 2022-11-19 15:08 Monty's Award
Tabitha Worsley
Huntingdon / 5 / 3m 1f 10y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-4 Good2/5 -btn 10 Loup De Maulde 11-4

in rear, headway and switched wide before 4 out, pushed before 3 out, ridden in 3rd turning for home, went 2nd before 2 out, kept on but no match for winner

4.33 5.06
2.22
93
2 2022-11-15 13:30 Godot
N F Houlihan
Lingfield / 4 / 2m / Hurdle Turf / 9K 10-11 Soft3/12 -btn 8 Endless Escape 10-7

tracked leaders, pushed along before 2 out, kept on well run in but no match for winner

9 11.5
2.7
3 2022-11-15 13:00 The Real Jet
N F Houlihan
Lingfield / 4 / 2m 4f / Chase Turf / 13K 10-8
Cheekpieces
Soft2/8 -btn 18 White Hart Lady 10-6

soon led, ridden and joined 3 out, headed 2 out, kept on

29 36
7.1
90
4 2022-11-14 15:40 Beaufort West
Caoilin Quinn
Plumpton / 5 / 3m 217y / Hurdle Turf / 9K 11-9 Good To Soft2/7 -btn 2.75 El Hageb Rose 11-5

towards rear, took closer order approaching 10th, nudged along before 3 out, good headway to lead approaching 2 out, headed after last, kept on one pace

3.25 4.15
2.06
102
5 2022-11-14 14:40 Mr Jack
N F Houlihan
Plumpton / 4 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 10K 11-3 Good To Soft6/9 -btn 22 Baddesley 11-2

midfield, lost touch 9th, plugged on through beaten rivals from 2 out

17 21
4.5
102
6 2022-11-13 15:50 Brown Bullet
James Best
Fontwell / 5 / 2m 3f 49y / Hurdle Turf / 10K 11-12
Hood
Good5/11 -btn 11.25 Annie Day 10-10

held up off the pace in rear, ridden and outpaced before 2 out, made no telling impression

4.5 5.13
1.85
98
7 2022-11-08 16:00 Gold Clermont
N F Houlihan
Lingfield / 5 / 2m 7f / Hurdle Turf / 9K 11-1
Hood
Heavy5/6 -btn 26.3 Shot Boii 11-0

in rear, some progress 6th, ridden 3 out, weakened before next

29 46.33
12.87
95
8 2022-11-08 14:30 Flemen's Tipple
James Best
Lingfield / 3 / 2m 3f 110y / Hurdle Turf / 15K 11-0 Good To Soft7/8 -btn 38.1 Mister Who 11-0

off the pace in rear, never involved

81 240
16
9 2022-11-08 14:00 Clondaw Robin
James Best
Lingfield / 4 / 2m 4f / Chase Turf / 14K 10-2
Cheekpieces
Good To Soft10/10 -btn 69.55 Walk In The Wild 10-12

always in rear, tailed off

81 160
23
70
10 2022-11-06 14:00 Honest Oscar
N F Houlihan
Sandown / 4 / 1m 7f 216y / Hurdle Turf / 10K 10-8 HeavyP -btn Colonel Harry 11-4

held up, well behind from 3rd, pulled up after 3 out

101 600.93
35.78
11 2022-11-04 16:00 Hesbehindyou
N F Houlihan
Fontwell / 5 / 2m 1f 162y / Hurdle Turf / 9K 10-2 Soft7/10 -btn 5.9 Beat The Heat 11-8

chased leaders, pushed along before 2 out, kept on run in

29 47.26
7.4
82
12 2022-10-31 16:05 Beaufort West
James Bowen
Plumpton / 4 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 10K 11-7 Good3/10 -btn 10 Warranty 11-7

mid-division, pushed along and went 3rd home turn, kept on one pace

13 17
4.3
103
13 2022-10-31 15:30 Brown Bullet
James Davies
Plumpton / 3 / 1m 7f 195y / Hurdle Turf / 16K 10-5
Hood
Good2/7 -btn 1.75 Caramelised 12-0

in rear, headway before 4 out, pushed along in 4th home turn, ridden after 2 out, stayed on into 2nd close home, not trouble winner

13 17.09
6.8
98
14 2022-10-30 15:58 Monty's Award
N F Houlihan
Huntingdon / 5 / 3m 1f 10y / Hurdle Turf / 10K 10-13 Good1/8 -win 5 Barely Famous 11-2

held up towards rear, headway 8th, not fluent next, led before 2 out, clear approaching last, stayed on well

7 7.49
2.28
88
15 2022-10-27 13:20 The Real Jet
N F Houlihan
Worcester / 4 / 2m 7f / Chase Turf / 15K 10-10 SoftP -btn Miss Jeanne Moon 11-10

tracked leaders, lost ground and pushed along after 12th, soon well behind and pulled up after 4 out

17 23.24
7.6
95
16 2022-10-25 16:50 Flemen's Tipple
N F Houlihan
Chepstow / 5 / 2m 11y / NH Flat / 5K 10-11 Good To Soft11/12 -btn 31.2 Bullets Hill 10-6

led until over 4f out, weakened quickly

51 70
12.85
17 2022-10-01 13:25 Monty's Award
N F Houlihan
Fontwell / 5 / 3m 1f 166y / Hurdle Turf / 9K 10-9 Good1/8 -win 1.75 Dellboy Trotter 11-1

towards rear, headway into 3rd 4 out, pushed along and led before 2 out, not fluent and ridden 2 out, hung left but stayed on well run-in, always doing enough

6.5 7.64
2.13
84
18 2022-09-13 13:50 Monty's Award
N F Houlihan
Uttoxeter / 5 / 2m 7f 70y / Hurdle Turf / 9K 10-12 Good3/16 -btn 3 Gentleman Valley 11-12

chased leaders, went 2nd 5th until 2 out, chased leaders, 3rd and one pace run-in

15 19.86
3.77
84
19 2022-08-18 17:25 Monty's Award
N F Houlihan
Fontwell / 5 / 2m 5f 164y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-3 Good4/9 -btn 27.75 Dynamic Kate 10-0

midfield, mistake 4 out, lost ground and driven before 2 out, plugged on at one pace

11 13.71
3.6
86
20 2022-07-21 16:30 Monty's Award
Mr Paddy Barlow
Worcester / 5 / 2m 7f / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-9 Good6/12 -btn 18.5 Bagan 11-4

towards rear, pushed along after 3 out, stayed on one pace, never in contention

4.5 4.8
2.05
88
21 2022-07-04 17:05 Monty's Award
Page Fuller
Worcester / 5 / 2m 7f / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-4 Good7/17 -btn 11.8 Present Storm 11-6

towards rear, headway into midfield 4 out, driven 2 out, one pace from last

15 19.34
4.3
89
22 2022-06-26 15:50 Whitlock
Georgia Dobie
Windsor / 5 / 1m 2f / Flat Turf / 7K 8-12
Blinkers
Good To Firm13/13 -btn 48.15 Magical Mile 9-3

never going and early reminders towards rear, ridden and lost touch over 4f out, tailed off and eased final 2f

101 260.93
84.3
62
23 2022-06-14 13:35 Scrutinise
Tabitha Worsley
Stratford / 5 / 2m 2f 148y / Hurdle Turf / 7K 10-6
Cheekpieces
Good8/9 -btn 26 Appreciate 11-2

held up off the pace and always towards rear

51 47.79
9.68
74
24 2022-06-11 20:30 Monty's Award
Page Fuller
Worcester / 5 / 2m 7f / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-5 Good3/8 -btn 6.75 D'jango 11-9

raced keenly, held up early, good headway on inside chasing leaders 6th, went 2nd before next, ridden and stayed on same pace from 3 out, no chance with winner, hung left and weakened into 3rd run-in

19 26.97
5.17
91
25 2022-06-08 13:35 Kalakawa Enki
James Davies
Fontwell / 5 / 2m 5f 164y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-2
Cheekpieces
Good To SoftP -btn Caspers Court 11-10

jumped left, chased leaders, not fluent 3rd, mistake 6th, struggling after next, pulled up after 3 out

101 152.39
44.76
45
26 2022-05-26 17:40 Whitlock
Rob Hornby
Sandown / 5 / 1m 1f 209y / Flat Turf / 8K 9-4
Cheekpieces
Good To Soft12/12 -btn 20.9 The Whipmaster 9-8

held up off the pace in last pair, never a factor, tailed off

126 569.81
106.2
70
27 2022-05-25 17:00 Beaufort West
Mr James King
Warwick / 4 / 3m 2f / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-7
Cheekpieces
GoodP -btn Good News 11-11

towards rear, pushed after 4 out, eased and pulled up before 2 out

13 18.58
4.1
103
28 2022-05-22 15:20 Monty's Award
N F Houlihan
Fakenham / 5 / 3m 38y / Chase Turf / 10K 11-10
Cheekpieces
Good6/9 -btn 48 Miami Present 10-6

towards rear, outpaced 3 out

19 24
5.73
96
29 2022-05-17 18:17 Harry Hazard
James Davies
Huntingdon / 4 / 2m 104y / Chase Turf / 10K 10-2
Cheekpieces
Good4/4 -btn 45.25 Mortlach 12-0

in rear, slow 1st, outpaced 4th, went 3rd 7th, weakening in last after 3 out

13 17.2
3.83
74
30 2022-05-08 16:30 Devious Dicks Dame
James Davies
Plumpton / 5 / 1m 7f 195y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-2
Hood
GoodP -btn Systemic 11-0

led, headed 5th, soon pushed along, dropped to rear and struggling 3 out, pulled up before next

51 64.13
8.6
69
31 2022-04-18 16:37 Brown Bullet
James Davies
Plumpton / 4 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 13K 10-9 Good4/4 -btn 40.5 Sainte Doctor 11-12

held up, took it up approaching 3 out, ridden and headed home turn, weakened thereafter

3.75 4.2
1.83
100
32 2022-04-17 17:45 Scrutinise
Lily Pinchin
Plumpton / 5 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-2
Cheekpieces
Good9/11 -btn 109.25 Constant Friday 11-3

tracked leaders, asked for effort 4 out, detached before 3 out, no extra

15 22
4.8
76
33 2022-04-17 17:10 Monty's Award
N F Houlihan
Plumpton / 5 / 2m 3f 164y / Chase Turf / 10K 11-9
Cheekpieces
GoodB -btn Salamanca School 11-10

mid-division, asked for effort 4 out, brought down 3 out

23 28.28
6.27
99
34 2022-04-17 14:50 Devious Dicks Dame
James Best
Plumpton / 5 / 2m 214y / Chase Turf / 10K 10-2
Hood
Good4/5 -btn 30.5 Richie Valentine 11-4

led, headed and mistake 4 out, pushed along before 2 out, weakened soon after

8.5 9.3
3.54
70
35 2022-03-29 16:10 Beaufort West
James Bowen
Uttoxeter / 4 / 2m 7f 70y / Hurdle Turf / 13K 11-4
Cheekpieces
Good1/6 -win 0.5 Storm Of Light 11-5

in touch, dropped to rear 3 out, headway after 2 out, led approaching next, edged left and driven out

26 28.55
10.36
101
36 2022-03-29 14:05 Brown Bullet
James Best
Fontwell / 4 / 2m 1f 162y / Hurdle Turf / 13K 10-9 Good3/5 -btn 4.25 Thibault 11-12

led into start, raced keenly in last, headway 3 out, went 3rd before 2 out, no impression, kept on

7 7.04
3
101
37 2022-03-29 13:55 Scrutinise
Lily Pinchin
Uttoxeter / 5 / 1m 7f 168y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-5
Cheekpieces
Good5/13 -btn 12.25 Gold Souk 11-2

close up, pushed along 3 out, kept on same pace

34 47.3
10
79
38 2022-03-29 13:00 Kalakawa Enki
N F Houlihan
Fontwell / 4 / 2m 3f 49y / Hurdle Turf / 11K 11-3
Cheekpieces
Good4/8 -btn 75 Dom Of Mary 11-6

prominent until after 2nd, chased leaders, outpaced before 4 out, well beaten 3 out, tailed off

251 1000
61.35
45
39 2022-03-24 15:40 Backinforglory
James Davies
Huntingdon / 5 / 3m 1f 10y / Hurdle Turf / 7K 10-10 Good4/9 -btn 16 Ratoute Yutty 9-9

close up, pushed along to chase leader 3 out, ridden next, kept on one pace, lost 3rd towards finish

3 3.39
1.56
83
40 2022-03-21 16:50 Whitlock
Cillin Leonard
Plumpton / 5 / 1m 7f 195y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-10
Cheekpieces
Good8/8 -btn 36.75 Sword Beach 11-12

ridden along in rear early, pushed along 4 out, weakened next

21 25.29
4.29
85
41 2022-03-19 16:31 The Real Jet
James Best
Fontwell / 4 / 3m 1f 166y / Hurdle Turf / 11K 11-3 Good To Soft5/8 -btn 23.25 Game Socks 11-12

mid-division, hit 9th, outpaced before next, rallied on inside before 3 out, soon beaten

51 90
13.5
100
42 2022-03-16 17:30 Godot
Brendan Powell
Cheltenham / 1 / 2m 87y / NH Flat / 80K 11-5 HeavyP -btn Facile Vega 11-5

prominent or disputed lead until over 9f out, weakened from 6f out, pulled up inside final 3f

251 920
120
105
43 2022-03-16 14:30 Backinforglory
N F Houlihan
Huntingdon / 5 / 2m 4f 145y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-2 Good2/14 -btn 3.25 Dariya 10-3

in touch, headway 3 out, ridden to chase winner last, stayed on

6 8
2.72
83
44 2022-03-14 15:55 Whitlock
Fergus Gillard
Plumpton / 5 / 1m 7f 195y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-13
Cheekpieces
Good To Soft6/6 -btn 28.1 Tara Iti 11-1

prominent, led 3rd, headed 4 out, hit next, ridden and weakened before 2 out

15 17.81
4.03
85
45 2022-03-14 15:20 Brown Bullet
Sean Houlihan
Plumpton / 4 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 13K 10-8 Good To Soft2/4 -btn 3.5 On My Command 11-12

close up in 4th, chased winner 3 out, ridden and every chance next, kept on one pace

8.5 9
3.4
102
46 2022-03-14 13:35 Harry Hazard
Page Fuller
Plumpton / 5 / 2m 3f 164y / Chase Turf / 10K 10-0
Cheekpieces
Good To Soft3/5 -btn 7.5 Ballinsker 12-0

tracked leaders, ridden 2 out, kept on one pace

6.5 6.4
2.75
75
47 2022-03-09 13:00 Beaufort West
Toby Wynne
Fontwell / 4 / 2m 3f 104y / Chase Turf / 14K 10-7
Cheekpieces
Good To Soft4/4 -btn 26.8 Black Gerry 11-11

always last, jumped slowly and reminder 4th and 8th, never on terms, tailed off

2.88 2.87
1.63
105
48 2022-02-28 16:10 The Real Jet
James Best
Plumpton / 5 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-12 Good To Soft8/8 -btn 46.5 Ruby Yeats 11-7

raced on inside, chased leader until 5th, chased leaders, lost place before 4 out, tailed off 2 out

12 14.36
3.02
102
49 2022-02-28 13:50 Hesbehindyou
Page Fuller
Plumpton / 4 / 1m 7f 195y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-6 Good To Soft11/12 -btn 49.55 Storm Hill 11-6

towards rear when slightly hampered 4th, never on terms, tailed off

101 474.05
30.5
50 2022-02-17 15:12 Beaufort West
Page Fuller
Fontwell / 4 / 2m 3f 104y / Chase Turf / 15K 11-1
Cheekpieces
Soft3/5 -btn 16.5 Chambard 11-7

led 2nd, not fluent 5th, headed 10th, led when not fluent 4 out, soon headed, beaten from 3 out, went 3rd last

6.5 6.38
2.81
109
51 2022-02-15 13:00 Whitlock
Cillin Leonard
Lingfield / 5 / 2m / Hurdle Turf / 11K 11-5
Cheekpieces
Heavy4/7 -btn 28 Hit The Rocks 11-9

chased leader, blundered 3rd, every chance when not fluent 2 out, weakened before last

51 73.75
11.5
90
52 2022-02-14 16:40 Devious Dicks Dame
James Davies
Plumpton / 5 / 1m 7f 195y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 10-0
Hood
SoftP -btn Eventful 11-0

held up off the pace in last pair, tailed off and pulled up before 3 out

34 49.64
12.26
74
53 2022-02-11 16:37 Godot
Page Fuller
Kempton / 5 / 2m / NH Flat / 5K 11-5 Good To Soft7/13 -btn 27.5 Leave Of Absence 11-5

held up towards rear, headway 5f out, no impression, outpaced and well held over 2f out

13 11.75
3.12
54 2022-02-09 20:00 Silent Partner
Rhys Clutterbuck
Kempton / 6 / 1m 7f 218y / Flat AW / 6K 9-2
Cheekpieces
Standard To Slow11/11 -btn 29.4 Smart Boyo 8-7

towards rear of mid-division, pushed along over 2f out, never on terms

29 30.36
7.83
54
55 2022-02-08 14:10 Scrutinise
Page Fuller
Market Rasen / 5 / 2m 125y / Hurdle Turf / 7K 10-11
Cheekpieces
Good To Soft7/12 -btn 50.5 Lightning Attack 10-1

in touch, ridden 3 out, weakened next

26 44
7.6
84
56 2022-02-08 13:35 Hesbehindyou
Page Fuller
Market Rasen / 3 / 2m 4f 139y / Hurdle Turf / 12K 11-2 Good To Soft6/6 -btn 49.3 Hometown Hero 11-2

in touch towards rear, pushed along 3 out, soon outpaced, hit next

101 211.61
25.38
57 2022-02-07 15:35 Brown Bullet
Page Fuller
Fontwell / 5 / 2m 1f 162y / Hurdle Turf / 9K 11-12 Good To Soft6/10 -btn 23.7 That Ole Chestnut 9-11

raced keenly early, chased leaders, outpaced after 3 out, beaten when jumped left 2 out, weakening when jumped left last

7.5 9.06
2.49
104
58 2022-01-30 14:20 Finnegan's Garden
Page Fuller
Fontwell / 5 / 2m 1f 165y / Chase Turf / 13K 11-6
Cheekpieces
Good5/8 -btn 35.35 Master Malcolm 10-6

towards rear, mid-division before 5th, went 2nd 4 out, ridden before 3 out, gradually weakened

12 13.28
3.2
89
59 2022-01-25 13:50 Harry Hazard
Page Fuller
Leicester / 5 / 2m 4f 25y / Chase Turf / 8K 10-0 Soft7/12 -btn 25.8 Just Don't Know 11-1

held up in rear, jumped left 2nd, some headway when not fluent 9th, well beaten before 3 out

7 9.45
2.8
76
60 2022-01-24 16:20 Silent Partner
Rhys Clutterbuck
Kempton / 6 / 1m 3f 219y / Flat AW / 6K 9-7 Standard To Slow7/12 -btn 6.2 Reset Button 9-0

held up well off the pace in rear, never on terms

26 34.41
7.71
56
61 2022-01-21 13:50 Beaufort West
Page Fuller
Lingfield / 2 / 2m / Chase Turf / 50K 10-0 Heavy6/7 -btn 33.05 Frero Banbou 11-5

raced wide tracking leaders, went 2nd briefly 3rd, chased leaders, pushed along and outpaced after 4 out, weakened before next

21 25.34
8.8
113
62 2022-01-21 12:50 Backinforglory
N F Houlihan
Lingfield / 2 / 2m / Hurdle Turf / 30K 11-0 Heavy5/7 -btn 35.75 Love Envoi 11-8

held up in rear, never on terms, tailed off

301 814.15
217.56
63 2022-01-19 15:30 Brown Bullet
Page Fuller
Newbury / 2 / 2m 69y / Hurdle Turf / 19K 10-4 Good To Soft4/6 -btn 5.5 Voice Of Calm 10-13

led in start, raced keenly in rear, closer and pushed along before 3 out, stayed on run-in, never going pace to get involved

26 30
10.2
106
64 2022-01-19 13:25 The Real Jet
James Best
Plumpton / 4 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 9K 10-8 Good To Soft2/6 -btn 1 Young Butler 11-8

led, ridden and joined 2 out, headed towards finish

81 116.17
20.94
65 2022-01-12 15:50 Monty's Award
James Davies
Leicester / 5 / 2m 4f 25y / Chase Turf / 7K 11-11
Blinkers
Good To Soft11/11 -btn 23.65 Celma Des Bois 10-12

mid-division, pushed along after 9th, soon weakened

34 50
10.67
104
66 2022-01-06 13:10 Hesbehindyou
James Davies
Chepstow / 4 / 2m 11y / Hurdle Turf / 11K 11-6 Heavy6/12 -btn 29 Hatos 11-6

chased leaders, lost place 3 out, soon weakened

67 140
28
67 2022-01-02 15:30 Brown Bullet
Page Fuller
Plumpton / 4 / 1m 7f 195y / Hurdle Turf / 13K 11-6 Soft4/10 -btn 20 Nashville Nipper 11-4

reluctant lining up, held up, good headway on inside before 3 out, 4th and one pace on long run before next

23 33.46
6.53
109
68 2022-01-02 14:55 Finnegan's Garden
Page Fuller
Plumpton / 4 / 2m 3f 164y / Chase Turf / 14K 10-11 Soft5/10 -btn 18.85 Tip Top Mountain 10-12

always behind, left poor 5th jumping 3 out (normal 4 out)

9 8.78
2.38
93
69 2022-01-02 13:45 Coillte Eile
Cillin Leonard
Plumpton / 5 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 8K 11-2 Soft3/9 -btn 4.25 Mickyh 10-0

chased leaders on inside, went 2nd approaching 4th until before 4 out, chased leaders, ridden before 2 out, rallied into modest 3rd post, no chance with leading duo

23 29.21
5
95
70 2022-01-02 13:10 Backinforglory
N F Houlihan
Plumpton / 3 / 2m 4f 114y / Hurdle Turf / 11K 10-6 Soft5/8 -btn 46.5 World Of Dreams 11-3

held up in rear, closer in 5th at 7th, outpaced and struggling before 3 out, tailed off

51 100
7.4

Anonymous Ginger Ltd. does not encourages reckless gambling. This site is not intended for an audience under 18 years of age. We recommend that readers who engage in gambling do so responsibly and set financial limits. If you have a concern about problem gambling, you can contact GamCare on 0845 6000 133 or gamcare.org.uk

Anonymous Ginger © Copyright 2024, All Rights Reserved